Recognized Environment Variables (Windows 10) – Windows Deployment | Microsoft Docs

Variables that are processed for the operating system and in the context of each user

You can use these variables within sections in the .xml files with context=UserAndSystemcontext=User, and context=System.

TABLE 1
Variable Explanation
ALLUSERSAPPDATA Same as CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA.
ALLUSERSPROFILE Refers to %PROFILESFOLDER%\Public or %PROFILESFOLDER%\all users.
COMMONPROGRAMFILES Same as CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON.
COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86) Refers to the C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files folder on 64-bit systems.
CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS Version 10.0. The file-system directory that contains administrative tools for all users of the computer.
CSIDL_COMMON_ALTSTARTUP The file-system directory that corresponds to the non-localized Startup program group for all users.
CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA The file-system directory that contains application data for all users. A typical path Windows is C:\ProgramData.
CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY The file-system directory that contains files and folders that appear on the desktop for all users. A typical Windows® XP path is C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Desktop. A typical path is C:\Users\Public\Desktop.
CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS The file-system directory that contains documents that are common to all users. A typical path in Windows XP is C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents. A typical path is C:\Users\Public\Documents.
CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for favorites common to all users. A typical path is C:\Users\Public\Favorites.
CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC The file-system directory that serves as a repository for music files common to all users. A typical path is C:\Users\Public\Music.
CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES The file-system directory that serves as a repository for image files common to all users. A typical path is C:\Users\Public\Pictures.
CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS The file-system directory that contains the directories for the common program groups that appear on the Start menu for all users. A typical path is C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs.
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU The file-system directory that contains the programs and folders which appear on the Start menu for all users. A typical path in Windows is C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu.
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP The file-system directory that contains the programs that appear in the Startup folder for all users. A typical path in Windows XP is C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup. A typical path is C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup.
CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES The file-system directory that contains the templates that are available to all users. A typical path is C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Templates.
CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO The file-system directory that serves as a repository for video files common to all users. A typical path is C:\Users\Public\Videos.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_APPDATA Refers to the Appdata folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_LOCAL_APPDATA Refers to the local Appdata folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_COOKIES Refers to the Cookies folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_CONTACTS Refers to the Contacts folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_DESKTOP Refers to the Desktop folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_DOWNLOADS Refers to the Downloads folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_FAVORITES Refers to the Favorites folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_HISTORY Refers to the History folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_INTERNET_CACHE Refers to the Internet Cache folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_PERSONAL Refers to the Personal folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_MYDOCUMENTS Refers to the My Documents folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_MYPICTURES Refers to the My Pictures folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_MYMUSIC Refers to the My Music folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_MYVIDEO Refers to the My Videos folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_RECENT Refers to the Recent folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_SENDTO Refers to the Send To folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_STARTMENU Refers to the Start Menu folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_PROGRAMS Refers to the Programs folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_STARTUP Refers to the Startup folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_TEMPLATES Refers to the Templates folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_DEFAULT_QUICKLAUNCH Refers to the Quick Launch folder inside %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE%.
CSIDL_FONTS A virtual folder containing fonts. A typical path is C:\Windows\Fonts.
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86 The Program Files folder on 64-bit systems. A typical path is C:\Program Files(86).
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86 A folder for components that are shared across applications on 64-bit systems. A typical path is C:\Program Files(86)\Common.
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES The Program Files folder. A typical path is C:\Program Files.
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON A folder for components that are shared across applications. A typical path is C:\Program Files\Common.
CSIDL_RESOURCES The file-system directory that contains resource data. A typical path is C:\Windows\Resources.
CSIDL_SYSTEM The Windows System folder. A typical path is C:\Windows\System32.
CSIDL_WINDOWS The Windows directory or system root. This corresponds to the %WINDIR% or %SYSTEMROOT% environment variables. A typical path is C:\Windows.
DEFAULTUSERPROFILE Refers to the value in HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList [DefaultUserProfile].
PROFILESFOLDER Refers to the value in HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList [ProfilesDirectory].
PROGRAMFILES Same as CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES.
PROGRAMFILES(X86) Refers to the C:\Program Files (x86) folder on 64-bit systems.
SYSTEM Refers to %WINDIR%\system32.
SYSTEM16 Refers to %WINDIR%\system.
SYSTEM32 Refers to %WINDIR%\system32.
SYSTEMPROFILE Refers to the value in HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList\S-1-5-18 [ProfileImagePath].
SYSTEMROOT Refers to the root of the system drive.
WINDIR Refers to the Windows folder located on the system drive.

 

Variables that are recognized only in the user context

You can use these variables in the .xml files within sections with context=User and context=UserAndSystem.

TABLE 2
Variable Explanation
APPDATA Same as CSIDL_APPDATA.
CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS The file-system directory that is used to store administrative tools for an individual user. The Microsoft® Management Console (MMC) saves customized consoles to this directory, which roams with the user profile.
CSIDL_ALTSTARTUP The file-system directory that corresponds to the user’s non-localized Startup program group.
CSIDL_APPDATA The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for application-specific data. A typical path is C:\Documents and Settings\username\Application Data or C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming.
CSIDL_BITBUCKET The virtual folder that contains the objects in the user’s Recycle Bin.
CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA The file-system directory acting as a staging area for files waiting to be written to CD. A typical path is C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\MasteredBurning\Disc Burning.
CSIDL_CONNECTIONS The virtual folder representing Network Connections that contains network and dial-up connections.
CSIDL_CONTACTS This refers to the Contacts folder in %CSIDL_PROFILE%.
CSIDL_CONTROLS The virtual folder that contains icons for the Control Panel items.
CSIDL_COOKIES The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for Internet cookies. A typical path is C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Cookies.
CSIDL_DESKTOP The virtual folder representing the Windows desktop.
CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY The file-system directory used to physically store file objects on the desktop, which should not be confused with the desktop folder itself. A typical path is C:\Users\username\Desktop.
CSIDL_DRIVES The virtual folder representing My Computer that contains everything on the local computer: storage devices, printers, and Control Panel. The folder may also contain mapped network drives.
CSIDL_FAVORITES The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for the user’s favorites. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\Favorites.
CSIDL_HISTORY The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for Internet history items.
CSIDL_INTERNET A virtual folder for Internet Explorer.
CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for temporary Internet files. A typical path is C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files
CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA The file-system directory that serves as a data repository for local, non-roaming applications. A typical path is C:\Users\username\AppData\Local.
CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS The virtual folder representing My Documents.A typical path is C:\Users\Username\Documents.
CSIDL_MYMUSIC The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for music files. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\Music.
CSIDL_MYPICTURES The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for image files. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\Pictures.
CSIDL_MYVIDEO The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for video files. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\Videos.
CSIDL_NETHOOD A file-system directory that contains the link objects that may exist in the My Network Places virtual folder. It is not the same as CSIDL_NETWORK, which represents the network namespace root. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Network Shortcuts.
CSIDL_NETWORK A virtual folder representing My Network Places, the root of the network namespace hierarchy.
CSIDL_PERSONAL The virtual folder representing the My Documents desktop item. This is equivalent to CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS.

A typical path is C:\Documents and Settings\username\My Documents.

CSIDL_PLAYLISTS The virtual folder used to store play albums, typically C:\Users\username\My Music\Playlists.
CSIDL_PRINTERS The virtual folder that contains installed printers.
CSIDL_PRINTHOOD The file-system directory that contains the link objects that can exist in the Printers virtual folder. A typical path is C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Printer Shortcuts.
CSIDL_PROFILE The user’s profile folder. A typical path is C:\Users\Username.
CSIDL_PROGRAMS The file-system directory that contains the user’s program groups, which are themselves file-system directories. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs.
CSIDL_RECENT The file-system directory that contains shortcuts to the user’s most recently used documents. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent.
CSIDL_SENDTO The file-system directory that contains Send To menu items. A typical path is C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\SendTo.
CSIDL_STARTMENU The file-system directory that contains Start menu items. A typical path in Windows XP is C:\Documents and Settings\username\Start Menu. A typical path in Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8 is C:\Users\Username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu.
CSIDL_STARTUP The file-system directory that corresponds to the user’s Startup program group. A typical path is C:\Users\Username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup.
CSIDL_TEMPLATES The file-system directory that serves as a common repository for document templates. A typical path is C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Templates.
HOMEPATH Same as the standard environment variable.
TEMP The temporary folder on the computer. A typical path is %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp.
TMP The temporary folder on the computer. A typical path is %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp.
USERPROFILE Same as CSIDL_PROFILE.
USERSID Represents the current user-account security identifier (SID). For example,

S-1-5-21-1714567821-1326601894-715345443-1026.

Source: Recognized Environment Variables (Windows 10) – Windows Deployment | Microsoft Docs

sound – Can I downmix stereo audio to mono? – Ask Ubuntu | https://askubuntu.com/

  1. Find the name of your audio sink by running
    pacmd list-sinks | grep name:
    
  2. Then run this command (taking care to remove the angled brackets):
    pacmd load-module module-remap-sink sink_name=mono master=name_of_audio sink_given_by_previous_command channels=2 channel_map=mono,mono
    

    or add

    load-module module-remap-sink sink_name=mono master=name_of_audio sink_given_by_previous_command channels=2 channel_map=mono,mono
    

    to /etc/pulse/default.pa to have it run at startup.

  3. Then in Sound Preferences choose “Mono” as the output, but remember to reduce volumes by half, since two channels are getting mixed into one, or else you’ll have distortion. To test, run:
    speaker-test -c 2 -t sine
    

Same thing in a single command:

pacmd load-module module-remap-sink sink_name=mono master=$(pacmd list-sinks | grep -m 1 -oP 'name:\s<\K.*(?=>)') channels=2 channel_map=mono,mono
  1. To remove the mono channel, just use:
    pacmd unload-module module-remap-sink
    

Source: sound – Can I downmix stereo audio to mono? – Ask Ubuntu | https://askubuntu.com/

NDI Tools | NDI.tv

NDI® Tools is a free suite of applications designed to introduce you to the world of IP—and take your productions and workflow to places you may have never thought possible. With a single download, you gain the ability to integrate more devices and applications into your workflow, insert more content into your shows, and expand video opportunities throughout your network.

Source: NDI Tools | NDI.tv

Ports used on your PBX – PBX Platforms – Documentation

The table below outlines all the ports used on your PBX that you need to open on your hardware firewall if you want outside users to have access to things. These are default port assignments for new installs, but most can be changed by the user post install. Legacy versions may have used different default port numbers (notably http provisioning) and the original port numbers remain unaffected when the system is upgraded.

 

PBX Admin Access

PORT
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
22 TCP SSH Console This can only be changed inside from inside Linux CLI and not recommended to be changed. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Port used to allow SSH to the PBX from the outside world.
80 FreePBX

2001 PBXact

TCP PBX GUI HTTP (Non HTTPS) Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Used to access the PBX Admin GUI
443 TCP PBX GUI HTTPS Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Used to access the PBX Admin GUI with SSL encryption
1194 TCP/UDP OpenVPN server Change not supported Can open to untrusted hosts Used to connect OpenVPN clients to PBX VPN Server.

 

PBX SIP and IAX Communication

PORT
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
5060 UDP chan_PJSIP Signaling Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI SIP Settings module. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Standard Port used for chan_PJSIP Signalling.
5061 chan_PJSIP
Secure Signaling
Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI SIP Settings module. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Secure Port used for chan_PJSIP Signalling.
5160 UDP chan_SIP Signaling Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI SIP Settings module. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Standard Port used for chan_SIP Signalling.
5161 chan_SIP
Secure Signaling
Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI SIP Settings module. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Secure Port used for chan_SIP Signalling.
10000-20000 UDP RTP for SIP Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI SIP Settings module. Safe to open to the outside world and is required by most SIP Carriers as your RTP traffic can come from anywhere. Used for the actual voice portion of a SIP Call.
4569 UDP IAX Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI IAX Settings module. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks. Used for IAX protocol and trunking
4000-4999 UDP FAX UDPTL Not configurable in the GUI, on by editing custom conf file. Used for T38 fax media

PBX User Control Panel (UCP)

PORT
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
81 TCP PBX User Control Panel (UCP) HTTP (Non HTTPS) Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is not encrypted. Recommend using HTTPS version of PBX User Control Panel instead for remote users. Port used to access the GUI portion of UCP
4443 TCP PBX User Control Panel (UCP) HTTPS Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted and requires username and password authentication. Port used to access the GUI portion of UCP with SSL encryption
8088 TCP WebRTC Unencrypted Softphone Client Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > Asterisk Builtin mini-HTTP section > HTTP Bind Port Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is not encrypted. Recommend using HTTPS version Used for the WebRTC portion of UCP
8089 TCP WebRTC Encrypted Softphone Client Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > Asterisk Builtin mini-HTTP section > HTTPS Bind Port Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted with SSL and requires username and password authentication. Used for the WebRTC portion of UCP
8001 TCP Node Server Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > UCP NodeJS Server > NodeJS Bind Port Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is not encrypted. Used by UCP with HTTP for Conf Rooms and Chatting and other products in UCP
8003 TCP Node Server (secure) Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > UCP NodeJS Server > NodeJS HTTPS Bind Port Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted with SSL and requires username and password authentication. Used by UCP with HTTPS for Conf Rooms and Chatting and other products in UCP

PBX Phone Provisioning and Phone Apps

PORT
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
84 TCP HTTP Provisioning for Phones (Non HTTPS) Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is not encrypted. Recommend using HTTPS Phone Provisioning option of instead for remote users. Make sure if opening up outside access to enable username and password authentication for HTTP provisioning from the PBX Admin GUI System Admin > Provisioning Protocol. Inside EPM you define per template if the phones use TFTP, FTP, HTTP or HTTPS provisioning. In the past, http provisioning defaulted to port 83. When upgrading older systems, the port assignments to not change from their original settings.
1443 TCP HTTPS Provisioning for Phones Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted as long as your enable username and password authentication as outlined in the Notes section. Make sure if opening up outside access to enable username and password authentication for HTTP provisioning from the PBX Admin GUI System Admin > Provisioning Protocol. Inside EPM you define per template if the phones use TFTP, FTP, HTTP or HTTPS provisioning.
21 TCP FTP Provisioning for Phones This can only be changed inside from inside Linux CLI and not recommended to be changed. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as it has no ability encrypt traffic and is not NAT Friendly. Recommend using HTTPS provisioning for remote phones instead. Used if your are having phones inside EPM use TFTP for provisioning. Inside EPM you define per template if the phones use TFTP, FTP, HTTP or HTTPS provisioning.
69 UDP TFTP Provisioning for Phones This can only be changed inside from inside Linux CLI and not recommended to be changed. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as it has no ability encrypt traffic and is not NAT Friendly. Used if your are having phones inside EPM use TFTP for provisioning. Inside EPM you define per template if the phones use TFTP, FTP, HTTP or HTTPS provisioning.
82 TCP Phone Apps HTTP (Non HTTPS) Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is not encrypted. Recommend using Phone Apps HTTPS option of instead for remote users. Port used for phone apps to communicate with the PBX as HTTP not HTTPS traffic. Inside EPM you pick if the phone apps use HTTP or HTTPS.
3443 TCP Phone Apps HTTPS Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > System Admin Module > Port Management section. Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted. Port used for phone apps to communicate with the PBX using SSL encryption. Inside EPM you pick if the phone apps use HTTP or HTTPS.

Zulu 3

 

PORT
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
8002 TCP Zulu 3 Client Communication with PBX Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > Zulu Section > Zulu Bind Address Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted with SSL and requires username and password authentication. Used for signalling
10000-20000 UDP Media – RTP The port can be changed by going to Settings → Asterisk SIP Settings → General SIP Settings Tab. Note: Zulu uses the same rtp port configuration as SIP. Safe to open this up to untrusted networks, as your RTP traffic can come from anywhere your Zulu users are connecting from. Used for handling media during a call

Zulu 2

PORT
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
PORT
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
8002 TCP Zulu 2 Client Communication with PBX Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > Zulu Section > Zulu Bind Address Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted with SSL and requires username and password authentication. Zulu 2.0 requires this and the ports below to be opened. NOTE: You may require the “RTP for SIP” port range to be open as well, for call audio.
8088 TCP Zulu 2.0 Unencrypted Softphone Client Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > Asterisk Builtin mini-HTTP section > HTTP Bind Port If using Zulu 3.0 this port should not be open. Not recommended to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is not encrypted. Recommend using HTTPS version Used for the softphone portion of Zulu
8089 TCP Zulu 2.0 Encrypted Softphone Client Can change this port inside the PBX Admin GUI > Advanced Settings > Asterisk Builtin mini-HTTP section > HTTPS Bind Port If using Zulu 3.0 this port should not be open. Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted with SSL and requires username and password authentication. Used for the softphone portion of Zulu
5000 TCP Zulu 2.0 Chat At this time can not change the port If using Zulu 3.0 this port should not be open. Safe to open this up to untrusted networks as the traffic is encrypted with SSL and requires username and password authentication. Used for chat portion of Zulu

 

RMS Monitoring

PORTS
TCP/UCP
PURPOSE
CHANGING PORT
SECURITY
NOTES
443
5071
4505 4506
TCP
Outbound
Checks
Metrics
RPC
N/A RMS only uses these ports for outbound connections.
Thus, no INBOUND firewall rule changes are necessary.
If the firewall is configured to block outbound ports/connections, then these ports need to be added to the allowed outbound port list.

Source: Ports used on your PBX – PBX Platforms – Documentation

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