Excel recorded macro will have references to worksheet like this:
ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("MystupidSpreadSheet(1)").ListObjects("Table_owssvr__2").Sort. _
SortFields.Clear
You'll need to change the macro to reference the worksheet name by index number
ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(1)Q: What is the Quicken interchange format (QIF)?
A: The Quicken interchange format (QIF) is a specially formatted text (ASCII) file that lets you to move Quicken transactions:
- From one Quicken account register into another Quicken account register, or
- To/From another application that supports the QIF format.
Note: For Quicken to translate data from a text file into the Quicken register as transactions, the text file must be in the QIF format.
Required File Formatting:
- Each transaction must end with a symbol, indicating the end of entry.
- Each item in the transaction must display on a separate line.
- When Quicken exports an account register or list, it adds a line to the top of the file that identifies the type of account or list. Listed below are the header lines Quicken adds to the exported files:
Header Type of data !Type:Bank Bank account transactions !Type:Cash Cash account transactions !Type:CCard Credit card account transactions !Type:Invst Investment account transactions !Type:Oth A Asset account transactions !Type:Oth L Liability account transactions !Account Account list or which account follows !Type:Cat Category list !Type:Class Class list !Type:Memorized Memorized transaction list
You can force Quicken to import all transfers, regardless of whether Ignore Transfers is selected when the file is imported. You must add a line to the file being imported into a Quicken account. Use a text editor or word processor to put the following line right after the header line at the top of the file:
!Option:AllXfr
Items for Non-Investment Accounts
Each item in a bank, cash, credit card, other liability, or other asset account must begin with a letter that indicates the field in the Quicken register. The non-split items can be in any sequence:
Field Indicator Explanation D Date T Amount C Cleared status N Num (check or reference number) P Payee M Memo A Address (up to five lines; the sixth line is an optional message) L Category (Category/Subcategory/Transfer/Class) S Category in split (Category/Transfer/Class) E Memo in split $ Dollar amount of split ^ End of the entry Note: Repeat the S, E, and $ lines as many times as needed for additional items in a split. If an item is omitted from the transaction in the QIF file, Quicken treats it as a blank item.
Items for Investment Accounts
Field Indicator Explanation D Date N Action Y Security I Price Q Quantity (number of shares or split ratio) T Transaction amount C Cleared status P Text in the first line for transfers and reminders M Memo O Commission L Account for the transfer $ Amount transferred ^ End of the entry Items for Account Information
The account header !Account is used in two places-at the start of an account list and the start of a list of transactions to specify to which account they belong.
Field Indicator Explanation N Name T Type of account D Description L Credit limit (only for credit card accounts) / Statement balance date $ Statement balance amount ^ End of entry Items for a Category List
Field Indicator Explanation N Category name:subcategory name D Description T Tax related if included, not tax related if omitted I Income category E Expense category (if category type is unspecified, quicken assumes expense type) B Budget amount (only in a Budget Amounts QIF file) R Tax schedule information ^ End of entry Items for a Class List
Field Indicator Explanation N Class name D Description ^ End of entry Items for a Memorized Transaction List
Immediately preceding the ^ character, each entry must end with one of the following file indicators to specify the transaction type.
- KC
- KD
- KP
- KI
- KE
With that exception, memorized transaction entries have the same format as regular transaction entries (non-investment accounts). However, the Date or Num field is included. All items are optional, but if an amortization record is included, all seven amortization lines must also be included.
Field Indicator Explanation KC Check transaction KD Deposit transaction KP Payment transaction KI Investment transaction KE Electronic payee transaction T Amount C Cleared status P Payee M Memo A Address L Category or Transfer/Class S Category/class in split E Memo in split $ Dollar amount of split 1 Amortization: First payment date 2 Amortization: Total years for loan 3 Amortization: Number of payments already made 4 Amortization: Number of periods per year 5 Amortization: Interest rate 6 Amortization: Current loan balance 7 Amortization: Original loan amount ^ End of entry
Examples of QIF files
Normal Transactions Example
Transaction Item Comment (not in file) !Type:Bank Header D6/ 1/94 Date T-1,000.00 Amount N1005 Check number PBank Of Mortgage Payee L[linda] Category S[linda] First category in split $-253.64 First amount in split SMort Int Second category in split $-746.36 Second amount in split ^ End of the transaction D6/ 2/94 Date T75.00 Amount PDeposit Payee ^ End of the transaction D6/ 3/94 Date T-10.00 Amount PJoBob Biggs Payee MJ.B. gets bucks Memo LEntertain Category A1010 Rodeo Dr. Address (line 1) AWaco, Tx Address (line 2) A80505 Address (line 3) A Address (line 4) A Address (line 5) A Address (line 6) ^ End of the transaction
Investment Example
Transaction Item Comment (not in file) !Type:Invst Header line D8/25/93 Date NShrsIn Action (optional) Yibm4 Security I11.260 Price Q88.81 Quantity CX Cleared Status T1,000.00 Amount MOpening Balance Memo ^ End of the transaction D8/25/93 Date NBuyX Action Yibm4 Security I11.030 Price Q9.066 Quantity T100.00 Amount MEst. price as of 8/25/93 Memo L[CHECKING] Account for transfer $100.00 Amount transferred ^ End of the transaction
Memorized List Example
Transaction Item Comment (not in file) !Type:Memorized Header line T-50.00 Amount PJoe Hayes Payee MRent Memo KC Check transaction ^ End of the transaction T-25.00 Amount T-25.00 Company Payee LTelephone Category KP Payment transaction ^ End of the transaction
Top 50 Ultimate Python Modules List
One thing I really love with the Python programming language is its incredible extensibility.
Here’s a list of 50 awesome modules for Python, covering almost all needs: Databases, GUIs, Images, Sound, OS interaction, Web, and more.
Graphical InterfaceThe Python Standard Library comes with TkInter, but you can take your GUIs to the next level using an external Python module.
wxPython: Create truly native user interfaces for their Python applications that run with little or no modifications on Windows, Mac and Linux or other Unix-like systems.
PyGObject: Python package which provides bindings for GObject based libraries such as GTK, GStreamer, WebKitGTK, GLib, GIO, and many more.
Pmw: Toolkit for building high-level compound widgets in Python using the Tkinter module.
WCK : Extension API that allows you to implement all sorts of custom widgets, in pure Python.
Tix: A powerful set of user interface components that expands the capabilities of your Tcl/Tk and Python applications. Using Tix together with Tk will greatly enhance the appearance and functionality of your application.
Databases
The following open-source modules will allow you to easily access data stored in databases.
MySQLdb: Python DB API-2.0-compliant interface for accessing MySQL databases.
PyGreSQL: An open-source module that interfaces to a PostgreSQL database. It embeds the PostgreSQL query library to allow easy use of the powerful PostgreSQL features from a Python script.
Gadfly: A simple relational database system implemented in Python based on the SQL Structured Query Language.
SQLAlchemy: A Python SQL toolkit and Object Relational Mapper that gives application developers the full power and flexibility of SQL.
KInterbasDB: A Python extension package that implements Python Database API 2.0-compliant support for the open source relational database Firebird and some versions of its proprietary cousin Borland Interbase.
Web Development
Python is a popular language for web development. Each Python package listed below will make your web developer life much easier.
Beautiful Soup: A Python library designed for quick turnaround projects like screen-scraping.
scrape: A Python module for web browsing and scraping.
mechanize: Stateful programmatic web browsing in Python.
libgmail: A pure Python binding to provide access to Google’s Gmail web-mail service.
Google Maps: This library brings the Google Maps Platform Web Services to your Python application.
Requests allows you to send HTTP/1.1 requests extremely easily.
Selenium: With this module, developers can programmatically open webpages, enter fields, click buttons, and submit forms.
pyquery allows you to make jQuery queries on XML documents. The API is as much as possible the similar to jQuery. Pyquery uses LXML for fast XML and HTML manipulation.
Image and Video Manipulation
Python is a very powerful language that can accomplish many tasks such as image manipulation. The Standard Library doesn’t provide any image manipulation built-in module, but the following will definitely help.
Python Imaging Library (PIL): PIL adds image processing capabilities to your Python interpreter. This library supports many file formats, and provides powerful image processing and graphics capabilities.
GDmodule: An interface to the GD library written by Thomas Boutell.
VideoCapture: A Win32 Python extension for accessing video devices such as USB WebCams and TV cards.
MoviePy: A Python library for video editing: cutting, concatenations, title insertions, video compositing (a.k.a. non-linear editing), video processing, and creation of custom effects.
pyscreenshot: A cross-platform module that allows to take screenshots without installing 3rd party libraries.
Data Science and Maths
Python features many extensions that can be used for scientific needs such as maths, data science, and engineering.
SciPy: SciPy (pronounced “Sigh Pie”) is a Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering.
Matplotlib: A Python 2D plotting library which produces publication quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. Matplotlib can be used in Python scripts, the Python interpreter, the Jupyter notebook, web application servers, and four graphical user interface toolkits.
Pandas: A fast, powerful, flexible and easy-to-use open source data analysis and manipulation tool.
Numpy: A library adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays.
Game Development
Python is a versatile language that allows programmers to create many different types of apps, including video games.
Pygame: A set of modules designed for writing video games. Pygame adds functionality on top of the excellent SDL library. This allows you to create fully featured games and multimedia programs in the Python language.
Pyglet: A powerful, yet easy to use Python library for developing games and other visually-rich applications on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.
pyOpenGL: The most common cross platform Python binding to OpenGL and related APIs.
Sound
Sound manipulation is easily done in Python, thanks to a few very useful modules.
pySonic: A Python wrapper around the high performance, cross platform FMOD sound library.
PyMedia: A Python module for WAV, MP3, Ogg, AVI, DivX, DVD, CD-DA etc. file manipulations. It allows you to parse, demultiplex, multiplex, decode and encode all supported formats. It can be compiled for Windows, Linux, and Cygwin.
PMIDI: The PMIDI library wraps the Windows MIDI Streams library for use in Python. Using PMIDI, developers can generate synthesized musical sequences on the fly in their code for playback to users.
Mutagen: A module to handle audio metadata. It supports FLAC, M4A, Musepack, MP3, Ogg FLAC, Ogg Speex, Ogg Theora, Ogg Vorbis, True Audio, and WavPack audio files.
Microsoft Windows
If you are developing applications for Microsoft Windows, the following modules can help make your app better integrated with the OS.
pywin32: A wrapper of Python that allows us to interact with COM objects and automate Windows applications with Python.
PyRTF: A set of Python classes that make it possible to produce RTF documents from Python programs.
WMI: The Python WMI module is a lightweight wrapper on top of the pywin32 extensions, and hides some of the messy plumbing needed to get Python to talk to the WMI API.
Py2exe converts Python scripts into executable Windows programs, able to run without requiring a Python installation.
Mac OS
Python integrates very well with Mac OS. The following modules are very helpful if you are developing for Apple’s OS.
py2app: A Python setuptools command that will allow you to make standalone Mac OS X application bundles and plugins from Python scripts.
PyObjC: PyObjC is a bridge between Python and Objective-C. It allows full featured Cocoa applications to be written in pure Python.
USB and Serial Ports
Did you know that using Python, you can access your computer’s USB and Serial ports? The following modules will help when you need to accomplish such tasks.
PyUSB aims to be an easy-to-use Python module to access USB devices. PyUSB relies on a native system library for USB access. Currently, it works out of the box with libusb 0.1, libusb 1.0, libusbx, libusb-win32 and OpenUSB, and works with any Python version starting at 2.4, including Python 3 releases.
PySerial: Python serial port access library.
USPP is a multi-platform Python module to access serial ports. At the moment, it only works in Windows.
Miscellaneous Modules
This table features interesting modules that didn’t fit in any of the above categories.
Category Name URL Network Twisted http://twistedmatrix.com/ Jabber jabberpy http://jabberpy.sourceforge.net/ Expect pyExpect https://pexpect.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ 3D VPython http://vpython.org Frequently Asked Questions
What are Modules in Python?
A module is a file consisting of Python code. A module can define functions, classes and variables, and extends the functionalities offered by the built-in modules.
What are Python Built-In Modules?
Built-In Modules come with Python and are installed by default. You can view the built-in modules included in the Standard Library on the official documentation.
How to List All Installed Python Modules?
The easiest way to list installed Python modules is by using the
helpfunction from the Python command prompt:help("modules")On Linux systems, you can use python-pip and the
pip freezecommand to list installed modules:sudo apt-get install python-pip pip freezeIs Python an Easy Language to Learn?
Python code has a concise and relatively easy syntax, that will look similar to those used to Perl. If you plan to become a web developer, use the Python tutorials available online, as Python is great as a first language.For experienced developers, learning Python is generally a quick and very smooth process.
These free and open source modal text editors can be a bit hard to use at first, but they are extremely powerful.
Table of Contents show
Vi is a modal text editor first released in 1976 for Unix systems. Vim, (Vi Improved) Vi’s successor, was first released in 1991. Despite its very old age, Vim is extremely popular among web developers and system administrators, as it is installed by default on all Unix-based systems (Mac OS and Linux distros).Unlike classic text editors, Vim features different modes used for different operations. Vim has a total of 12 modes, although you will mostly use the following:
i while in command mode.Esc key of your keyboard.v key to start visual mode. To exit visual mode, press the Esc key.Let’s start with basic commands that will allow you to write, save and quit files. Remember that these Vim commands need to be typed while in command or visual mode. Exit insert mode by hitting the Esc key, then type the command of your choice.
| :e filename | Open filename for edition |
| :w | Save file |
| :q | Exit Vim |
| :q! | Quit without saving current file |
| 😡 | Write/Save file (if changes has been made) and exit |
| :sav filename | Save current file as filename |
| . | Repeat the last change made in normal mode |
| 5. | Repeat 5 times the last change made in normal mode |
Vim features powerful commands that allow you to easily move the cursor position to any desired location within the current file, making it quick and easy to insert text.
| k or Up Arrow | move cursor up one line |
| j or Down Arrow | move cursor down one line |
| e | move cursor to the end of the word |
| b | move the cursor to the beginning of the word |
| 0 | move the cursor to the first non-blank character of the line |
| G | move the cursor to the end of the file |
| gg | move the cursor position to the beginning of the file |
| L | move the cursor to the bottom of the screen |
| :59 | move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number. |
| % | Move cursor to matching parenthesis |
| [[ | Jump to function start |
| [{ | Jump to block start |
Vim features powerful functions to cut, copy, and paste. This section of our Vim Cheat Sheet will show you how to easily perform those operations. Please note that y stands for yank in Vim, which in other editors is usually called copy.
| y | Yank/Copy the selected text to clipboard |
| p | Paste clipboard contents |
| dd | Cut current line |
| yw | Yank/Copy word |
| yy | Yank/Copy current line |
| y$ | Yank/Copy to end of line |
| D | Cut to end of line |
Searching a string within a huge file or multiple files can be tricky. Thanks to Vim, using a few commands you can easily find whatever you’re looking for.
| /word | Search word from top to bottom |
| ?word | Search word from bottom to top |
| * | Search the word under cursor |
| /\cstring | Search STRING or string, case insensitive |
| /jo[ha]n | Search john or joan |
| /\< the | Search the, theatre or then |
| /the\> | Search the or breathe |
| /\< the\> | Search the |
| /\< ¦.\> | Search all words consisting of 4 letters |
| /\/ | Search fred but not alfred or frederick |
| /fred\|joe | Search fred or joe |
| /\<\d\d\d\d\> | Search exactly 4 digits |
| /^\n\{3} | Find 3 empty lines |
| :bufdo /searchstr/ | Search in multiple files |
| bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g | Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse |
Similar to Search, Vim features powerful commands to replace any given text. This part of our cheat sheet contains Vim commands for replacing any portion of text with another.
| :%s/old/new/g | Replace all occurrences of old with new in file |
| :%s/onward/forward/gi | Replace onward with forward, case insensitive |
| :%s/old/new/gc | Replace all occurrences with confirmation |
| :2,35s/old/new/g | Replace all occurrences between lines 2 and 35 |
| :5,$s/old/new/g | Replace all occurrences from line 5 to EOF |
| :%s/^/hello/g | Replace the beginning of each line by hello |
| :%s/$/Harry/g | Replace the end of each line by Harry |
| :%s/onward/forward/gi | Replace onward with forward, case insensitive |
| x | Delete character |
| :%s/ *$//g | Delete all white spaces and keep any non-blank character |
| :g/string/d | Delete all lines containing string |
| :v/string/d | Delete all lines not containing string |
| :s/Bill/Steve/ | Replace the first occurrence of Bill with Steve in current line |
| :s/Bill/Steve/g | Replace Bill with Steve in current line |
| :%s/Bill/Steve/g | Replace Bill with Steve in all of the file |
| :%s/^M//g | Delete DOS carriage returns (^M) |
| :%s/\r/\r/g | Transform DOS carriage returns in returns |
| :%s#<[^>]\+>##g | Delete HTML tags but keep text |
| :%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ | Delete lines that appear twice |
| Ctrl+a | Increment number under the cursor |
| Ctrl+x | Decrement number under cursor |
| ggVGg? | Change text to Rot13 |
Vim provides very interesting commands to deal with case. Let’s continue to explore our Vim Cheat Sheet with super useful case-related commands.
| Vu | Lowercase line |
| VU | Uppercase line |
| g~~ | Invert case |
| vEU | Switch word to uppercase |
| vE~ | Modify word case |
| ggguG | Set all text to lowercase |
| gggUG | Set all text to uppercase |
| :set ignorecase | Ignore case in searches |
| :set smartcase | Ignore case in searches except if an uppercase letter is used |
| :%s/\<./\u&/g | Sets the first letter of each word to uppercase |
| :%s/\<./\l&/g | Sets the first non-blank character of each word to lowercase |
| :%s/.*/\u& | Sets the first character of the line to uppercase |
| :%s/.*/\l& | Sets the first character of the line to lowercase |
Vim allows easy manipulation of files. Listed below are a few examples of file manipulation with Vim.
| :1,10 w outfile | Save lines 1 to 10 in outfile |
| :1,10 w >> outfile | Append lines 1 to 10 to outfile |
| :r infile | Insert the content of infile |
| :23r infile | Insert the content of infile under line 23 |
Vim features a built-in file explorer that allows its users to quickly visualize and open files in the editor.
| :e . | Open integrated file explorer |
| :Sex | Split window and open integrated file explorer |
| :Sex! | Same as :Sex but splits window vertically |
| :browse e | Graphical file explorer |
| :ls | List buffers |
| :cd .. | Move to parent directory |
| :args | List files |
| :args *.php | Open file list |
| :grep expression *.php | Return a list of .php files contening expression |
| gf | Open file name under cursor |
As Vi and Vim were initially built for Unix systems, the text editor can interact with the OS.
| :!pwd | Execute the pwd Unix command, then return to Vi |
| !!pwd | Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file |
| :sh | Temporary return to Unix |
| $exit | Return to Vi |
Using Vim, it’s possible to automatically align lines using a few simple commands. Here are the main important ones:
| :%!fmt | Align all lines |
| !}fmt | Align all lines at the current position |
| 5!!fmt | Align the next 5 lines |
Vim can use various tabs and windows, which is very useful for working with many files at once.
| :tabnew | Create/Open a new tab |
| gt | Show next tab |
| :tabfirst | Show first tab |
| :tablast | Show last tab |
| :tabm n(position) | Rearrange tabs |
| :tabdo %s/foo/bar/g | Execute a command in all tabs |
| :tab ball | Puts all open files in tabs (Each in a new tab) |
| :new abc.txt | Edit abc.txt in new window |
As a web developer, I always like to split my Vim editor in two parts, one for my HTML and one for my CSS stylesheet. This part of our Vim Cheat Sheet describes how to split the main editor window.
| :e filename | Edit filename in current window |
| :split filename | Split the window and open filename |
| ctrl-w up arrow | Put cursor in top window |
| ctrl-w ctrl-w | Put cursor in next window |
| ctrl-w_ | Maximize current window vertically |
| ctrl-w| | Maximize current window horizontally |
| ctrl-w= | Gives the same size to all windows |
| 10 ctrl-w+ | Add 10 lines to current window |
| :vsplit file | Split window vertically |
| :sview file | Same as :split in Read Only Mode |
| :hide | Close current window |
| :nly | Close all windows, except current |
| :b 2 | Open #2 in this window |
Like much more modern editors, Vim can auto-complete your code and use dictionaries.
| Ctrl+N Ctrl+P (in insert mode) | Complete word |
| Ctrl+x Ctrl+l | Complete line |
| :set dictionary=dict | Define dict as a dictionary |
| Ctrl+x Ctrl+k | Complete with dictionary |
Vim allows its users to set marks at a position of their choice, so they can easily jump back to that predefined position. A must when working with large files.
| m {a-z} | Marks current position as {a-z} |
| ‘ {a-z} | Move to position {a-z} |
| ” | Move to previous position |
Another handy Vim function is the possibility to define abbreviations.
| :ab mail mail@provider.org | Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org |
Indentation is the key to readable and easy-to-maintain code. Vim possesses a few commands that will come in handy for indenting any file.
| :set autoindent | Turn on auto-indent |
| :set smartindent | Turn on intelligent auto-indent |
| :set shiftwidth=4 | Define 4 spaces as indent size |
| ctrl-t, ctrl-d | Indent/un-indent in insert mode |
| >> | Indent |
| << | Un-indent |
| =% | Indent the code between parenthesis |
| 1GVG= | Indent the whole file |
Syntax highlighting is often very useful for preventing coding mistakes and typos. Vim can work with many different syntax highlighting modes, depending on which programming language you are coding with.
| :syntax on | Turn on syntax highlighting |
| :syntax off | Turn off syntax highlighting |
| :set syntax=perl | Force syntax highlighting |
Essential Vim Commands
Since the 1970’s, Vi and its successor Vim have been included by default on many operating systems, including almost all GNU/Linux distributions.
Vim is free and open-source and is one of the most popular code editors. It can be downloaded on Vim official site.
Table of Contents showVim is a modal text editor, which means that it has a mode for writing text, a mode for running commands, etc.
Vim has a total of 12 different editing modes.
The three main modes are:
- Command mode (also sometimes referred to as Normal mode) is where you can run commands. This is the default mode in which Vim starts up.
- Insert mode is the mode where you insert/write your text.
- Visual mode is where you visually select a bunch of text so that you can run a command/operation only on that part of the text.
Basic Vim Commands
Let’s start with an easy set of Vim commands to open, save, and exit Vim.
:e filename Open filename for edition :w Save file :q Exit Vim :q! Quit without saving 😡 Write file (if changes has been made) and exit :sav filename Saves file as filename . Repeats the last change made in normal mode Moving in the File
While in command mode, the following set of commands will allow you to easily move the cursor in the file, jump to a particular line number, or set the cursor position at the beginning of the file.
k or Up Arrow move the cursor position up one line j or Down Arrow move the cursor down one line e move the cursor to the end of the word b move the cursor to the beginning of the word 0 move the cursor to the beginning of the line G move the cursor to the end of the file gg move the cursor to the beginning of the file L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen :59 move cursor to line number 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number. % Move cursor to matching parenthesis [[ Jump to function start [{ Jump to block start Cut, Copy & Paste
Here are some basic Vim commands to cut, copy and paste portions of text. All the commands below has to be ran in command mode.
y Copy the selected text to clipboard p Paste clipboard contents dd Cut current line yy Copy current line y$ Copy to end of line D Cut to end of line Search
In command mode, you can easily search for any string within a file. This is extremely useful for developers and sysadmins alike.
/word Search word from top to bottom ?word Search word from bottom to top * Search the word under cursor /\cstring Search STRING or string, case insensitive /jo[ha]n Search john or joan /\< the Search the, theatre or then /the\> Search the or breathe /fred\|joe Search fred or joe /\<\d\d\d\d\> Search exactly 4 digits /^\n\{3} Find 3 empty lines :bufdo /searchstr/ Search in all open files bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse Replace
Vim command line tool is extremely useful to replace many occurrences of a string by another within a file. Using more advanced commands, there are a lot of search and replace options available.
:%s/old/new/g Replace all occurrences of old by new in file :%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case insensitive :%s/old/new/gc Replace all occurrences with confirmation :%s/^/hello/g Replace the beginning of each line by hello :%s/$/Harry/g Replace the end of each line by Harry :%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case insensitive :%s/ *$//g Delete all white spaces :g/string/d Delete all lines containing string :v/string/d Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string :s/Bill/Steve/ Replace the first occurrence of Bill by Steve in current line :s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in current line :%s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in all the file :%s/^M//g Delete DOS carriage returns (^M) :%s/\r/\r/g Transform DOS carriage returns in returns :%s#<[^>]\+>##g Delete HTML tags but keeps text :%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ Delete lines which appears twice Ctrl+a Increment number under the cursor Ctrl+x Decrement number under cursor ggVGg? Change text to Rot13 Case
Vim has some powerful commands to modify the case of text. All the commands below have to be run in command mode.
Vu Lowercase line VU Uppercase line g~~ Invert case vEU Switch word to uppercase vE~ Modify word case ggguG Set all text to lowercase gggUG Set all text to uppercase :set ignorecase Ignore case in searches :set smartcase Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used :%s/\<./\u&/g Sets first letter of each word to uppercase :%s/\<./\l&/g Sets first letter of each word to lowercase :%s/.*/\u& Sets first letter of each line to uppercase :%s/.*/\l& Sets first letter of each line to lowercase Read and Write Files
Vim is clearly one of the most powerful text editors available. This section shows how you can manipulate files, insert the content of a file into another, and export portions of a file into a new file.
:1,10 w outfile Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile :1,10 w >> outfile Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile :r infile Insert the content of infile :23r infile Insert the content of infile under line 23 File Explorer
Vim features a built in file explorer, which allows you to explorer the content of your server without exiting the text editor.
:e . Open integrated file explorer :Sex Split window and open integrated file explorer :Sex! Same as :Sex but split window vertically :browse e Graphical file explorer :ls List buffers :cd .. Move to parent directory :args List files :args *.php Open file list :grep expression *.php Returns a list of .php files containing expression gf Open file name under cursor Interact With Unix
Vim is installed by default on most Unix based operating systems, including Mac OS and most GNU/Linux distros. It therefore feature various commands that allows you to interact with the OS.
:!pwd Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi !!pwd Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file :sh Temporary returns to Unix $exit Retourns to Vi Alignment
In command mode, you can quickly and easily align a file’s lines for better clarity.
:%!fmt Align all lines !}fmt Align all lines at the current position 5!!fmt Align the next 5 lines Tabs and Windows
One of my favorite Vim options is the ability to use tabs to edit various files at the same time. The following Vim commands will let you open, close, and organize your tabs for better productivity.
:tabnew Creates a new tab gt Show next tab :tabfirst Show first tab :tablast Show last tab :tabm n(position) Rearrange tabs :tabdo %s/foo/bar/g Execute a command in all tabs :tab ball Puts all open files in tabs :new abc.txt Edit abc.txt in new window Window Spliting
Vim allows you to split the screen horizontally or vertically, so you can edit many files at once using the insert mode.
:e filename Edit filename in current window :split filename Split the window and open filename ctrl-w up arrow Puts cursor in top window ctrl-w ctrl-w Puts cursor in next window ctrl-w_ Maximize current window vertically ctrl-w| Maximize current window horizontally ctrl-w= Gives the same size to all windows 10 ctrl-w+ Add 10 lines to current window :vsplit file Split window vertically :sview file Same as :split in readonly mode :hide Close current window :nly Close all windows, excepted current :b 2 Open #2 in this window Auto-Completion
Vim can use external dictionaries to provide auto-completion. This can be a real time saver, so pay attention to the commands below if you want to speed up your workflow.
Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (To be used in insert mode) Complete word Ctrl+x Ctrl+l Complete line :set dictionary=dict Define dict as a dictionary Ctrl+x Ctrl+k Complete with dictionary Marks
When editing large files, it can be tricky to move in the file and remember important sections. Happily, Vim allows its users to create marks that can easily be accessed later. No need to remember a dozen of line numbers anymore!
m {a-z} Marks current position as {a-z} ‘ {a-z} Move to position {a-z} ” Move to previous position Abbreviations
This little known trick lets you define abbreviations that can be reused later and as many times as needed.
:ab mail mail@provider.org Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org Text Indentation
Text indentation is vital when it comes to code readability. Luckily, Vim has a set of commands for the text editor to indent your lines in a clear and readable manner.
:set autoindent Turn on auto-indent :set smartindent Turn on intelligent auto-indent :set shiftwidth=4 Defines 4 spaces as indent size ctrl-t, ctrl-d Indent/un-indent in insert mode >> Indent << Un-indent =% Indent the code between parenthesis 1GVG= Indent the whole file Frequently Asked Questions
How do I Type Commands in Vim?
To type commands, you have to first activate Vim’s command mode. To do so, press the
Esckey of your keyboard. You can then type any command of your choice.How do I Start Typing Text in Vim?
Vim must be in insert mode for you to type text. Simply press the
ikey when in command mode to enter the insert mode.
